Usable Buildings: Strategy

Strategy ¹⁴⁰

ABLER, Ronald., ADAMS, John, and GOULD, Peter , Spatial Organization: the geographer's view of the world
Prentice-Hall, 1970. [21 Mb pdf download] Scanned version sourced from Penn State University This is a classic of its era. More's the pity that "geographer's" is in the title, because others might shy from it .
ALLWOOD J., Absolute Zero: meeting our legal commitment to absolute zero emissions by 2050 with today's technologies
Video presentation. UK Fires, 2020 See also .
ALLWOOD, J., AZEVEDO, J., CLARE, A., CLEAVER, C., CULLEN, J., DUNANT, C., FELLIN, T., et al. , Absolute Zero
Research report Full reference See also .
ANDERSON, Kevin, Getting Off A Moving Train: timely responses to the climate emergency
Centre for Alternative Technology, webinar, 22 Sep 2021. Presentation starts at 2:28 . .
ANDREWS, David (citing BARRETT, Mark), Baseload nuclear power not needed in an all-renewable future
Claverton Energy Research Group, email release, July 20, 2022. Original news source .
BANNISTER P., Commitment Agreements UK Feasibility Review Report
Usable Buildings Trust, May 2016 .
BARBER, Daniel A., Drawing The Line: Becoming expert in repair ...
Places Journal, January 2024. .
BARRETT, Mark and CASSARINO, Tizians Gallo, A 100% renewable UK with a focus on heat  
Centre for Energy Research Into Energy Demand Solutions, UCL Energy Institute, October 2021. This version is a pdf vesrion of the original Powerpoint presentation. .
BENNETTS R and BORDASS W., Keep it simple and do it well
Sustainability supplement to Building magazine, 28 September 2007, Digging beneath the greenwash, pps 8-11. .
BLACKMAN, David, Ten Challenging Years
CIBSE Journal, Feb 2019, 21-22. Interview with Quinten Babcock and Blll Bordass .
BORDASS W, LEAMAN A. and ELEY J., A Guide to Feedback and Post-Occupancy Evaluation
The Usable Buildings Trust 2006 .
BORDASS W., Flying Blind
The Association for the Conservation of Energy and the Oxfordshire Energy Advice Centre, October 2001 .
BORDASS W., Learning More From What We Build
A slightly revised version of this paper was published as Chapter 3 of S Macmillan (ed), Designing Better Buildings, London: Spon (2003), pages 21-32). .
BORDASS W., Onto The Radar: How energy performance certification and benchmarking might work for non domestic buildings in operation, using actual energy consumption
Discussion Paper, The Usable Buildings Trust, London, 2005, 14 pp .
BORDASS W., Cost and value: Fact and fiction
Building Reseach and Information, 28, 5/6, pps 338-352, 2000 .
BORDASS W., Optimising the irrelevant: lessons from real buildings in use
Green Buildings Conference, Nottingham, March 1992, later republished in revised version in Building Services: the CIBSE Journal, September, 1992 .
BORDASS W., Energy Performance in Use and Government Policy
Chapter 2 of PENOYRE G. & PRASAD S., Refit for Purpose: low energy renewal of non-domestic buildings, RIBA Publishing, 2014 pps 13-22 .
BORDASS W., Metrics for energy performance in operation: the fallacy of single indicators
Buildings and Cities, 1(1), 260–276, July 2020. Open access with downloadable PDF and XML versions also available. .
BORDASS W. and LEAMAN A, Building Performance Evaluation in the UK: So many false dawns
A shorter version is chapter 15 of Wolfgang F.E. Preiser, Aaron T. Davis, Ashraf M. Salama, and Andrea Hardy (Editors), Architecture Beyond Criticism, Routledge, 2015, pps160-170. .
BORDASS W. and LEAMAN A., Environmental Quality: the new agenda
BIFM Annual Conference, Queens College, Cambridge, UK, 22 September 1998 OHP foils .
BORDASS W. and LEAMAN A., Building Services in Use: Some Lessons for Briefing, Design and Management
BIFM Annual Conference, 1997, September .
BORDASS W. and LEAMAN A., Probe: How it happened, what it found and did it get us anywhere?
conference paper prepared for Closing The Loop: Post-Occupancy Evaluation: the Next Steps, Windsor UK, 29 April - 2 May, 2004 .
BORDASS W. and LEAMAN A., From Feedback to Strategy
First presented to Buildings in Use '97, Commonwealth Institute, London, February 25, 1997 .
BORDASS W. and LEAMAN A., Design for Manageability
Building Research & Information, 25(3), 148-157 .
BORDASS W. and LEAMAN A., What Makes a Building Successful For the People Who Use It?
Outline of talk to DMA/BMIB Construction Group Business Seminar, 5 February 1992 .
BORDASS W. COHEN R. and FIELD J., Energy Performance of Non-Domestic Buildings: Closing the Credibility Gap
Building Performance Congress, Frankfurt, April 19-24, 2004 .
BORDASS W. HEASMAN T., LEAMAN A. and PERRY M., Daylight Use in Open Plan Offices: the opportunities and the fantasies
CIBSE Lighting Conference, Cambridge, March 1994 .
BORDASS W., and LEAMAN A., Making feedback and post-occupancy evaluation routine 1: A portfolio of feedback techniques
Building Research and Information, 2005, vol 33 no 4, 361-375 .
BORDASS W., BUNN R., COHEN R. and LEAMAN A., Technical Lessons from Probe 2
Cibse National Conference 1999 .
BORDASS W., COHEN R AND STANDEVEN M., Probe 9: Energy and Engineering Technical Review
BSJ, 37-41 (April 1997) .
BORDASS W., COHEN R. and BANNISTER P., Design for Performance. UK Commitment Agreements: Making measured energy in-use the objective for new office buildings.
UK Feasibility Review Report, May 2016 .
BORDASS W., LEAMAN A. and COHEN R., Walking the Tightrope. The Probe team's response to comments in BR&I
Building Research and Information journal (BR&I) carried rejoinder papers to the Probe Special Issue (March/April 2001). For copyright reasons we cannot include the rejoinder papers themselves (by Baird, Fisk, Whyte and Gann, Markus, Preiser, Roberts, Szigeti and Davis and Cordy). To see these you will have to refer to the BR&I Dec 2001 and Jan-Feb 2002 issues. We can, though, include our response to them. .
BORDASS W., LEAMAN A., RUYSSEVELT P., Assessing Building Performance in Use 5; Conclusions and Implications
Building Research and Information, Spring 2001 .
BORDASS W., Review of 'The Architecture of Natural Cooling' by B. Ford, R. Schiano-Phan and J. Vallejo, Second Edition, Routledge 2020,
Buildings and Cities, June 22, 2020. .
BORDASS W.T., Technical Review of Office Case Studies and Related Information
Energy Efficiency Best Practice Programme, General Information Report GIA 15, March 1994 .
BORDASS, BIll, How Intelligent Should your Office be?
Outline of presentation to 1AM Conference,,18-20 April 1989 .
BORDASS, Bill, How Much Heat Do We Really Need?
PowerEx Live, Park Plaza Hotel, London, 6 October 2021 .
BORDASS, Bill, Retrofit Our Buildings, or Our Brains? Changing Mindsets for the Climate Emergency
Association for Studies in the Conservation of Historic Buildings (ASCHB) Conference, 1 April 2022, Lessons from built heritage in the climate emergency. .
BORDASS, Bill, Beyond Space Heating and Cooling: Changing Mindsets in a Climate and Environmental Emergency
Climate at the Extremes Conference, Edinburgh, 6 September 2002 .
BORDASS, Bill, Insights from Building Performance Evaluation Studies
Usable Buildings, presentation to Oxford Brookes University, 24 Oct 2024. Also covers ground in presentations in 2020, 2022 and 2023. .
BORDASS, Bill, Beyond Space Heating and Cooling: changing mindsets in a climatic and environmental emergency
Usable Buildings for PowerEx Live Conference, London, 8 December, 2022. Pdf .
BORDASS, Bill, Retrofit: A Sense Of Proportion
Scottish Ecological Design Association (SEDA) Annual Conference 2023, Progressing Retrofit – designing for human factors: comfort, health & affordability, Glasgow 15-16 September 2023 .
BORDASS, Bill, Retrofit our buildings, or our brains? Changing Mindsets for the Climate Emergency (PDF)
Association for Studies in the Conservation of Historic Buildings (ASCHB) Conference, St Peter’s, Vauxhall, London April 1, 2022, Lessons from built heritage in the climate emergency. .
BORDASS, Bill , Retrofit: a sense of proportion
Scottish Ecological Design Association (SEDA) Conference, Progressing Retrofit – designing for human factors: comfort, health & affordability, Glasgow 15-16 September 2023 Slides Video .
BORDASS, Bill and LEAMAN, Adrian, Post-Occupancy Evaluation: from post-mortem to life support
Presentation to Allies + Morrison, London, 14 November, 2023. .
BORDASS, Bill with LEAMAN, Adrian, Buildings that Work
William Bordass Associates, 2000. Presentation to Association for Environment Conscious Building (AECB) July 2000. Please note: this archived presentation was originally given using overhead projector foils. This version does not include the slides and diagrams which were included in the original. .
BRUNDRETT G., The Occupant as Customer
CIBSE Journal, June 1997, 40-42 .
BUNN R., Sustainable Schools: Getting it right
British Council For School Environments (BCSE), 2006 .
BUNN R., Probe 19: Designer feedback
BSJ 35-38 (March 1999) .
BUNN R., Map of Soft Landings Guidance and Procedures
Version 7.1, Oct 2021. .
BUNN, Roderic, Longitudinal occupant satisfaction studies and their potential for managing the comfort carrying-capacity of buildings
Usable Buildings, April 2022, 30pp, High resolution copy 20.3 Mb. Creative Commons open access .
BUTTERS, C., Myths and Issues about Sustainable Living
Sustainability 13(14), July 2021. Creative Commons open source article. .
CHAPMAN J., Data Accuracy and Model Reliability
BEPAC Conference, Canterbury, UK, 1991 .
CHATER M. (et al), RIBA Plan for Use Guide
RIBA, London, 2021 RIBA Plan for Use Guide .
CLARKE J., Why Tools for Buildings and Cities Performance Simulation Need to Evolve
Commentary https://www.buildingsandcities.org Jan 14 2020 .
COHEN R. and BORDASS W., Property Needs Sustainability
Building Services Journal, September 2003, pps 6-8 .
COHEN R.,, RUYSSEVELT P., STANDEVEN M., BORDASS W and LEAMAN A., Building intelligence in use: lessons from the Probe project
BRE Watford, UK, 1998, October 6-8 .
COHEN, R., BANNISTER P. and BORDASS W., Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in reality, not just theory
REHVA Journal, May 2016, pp 56-59 .
COLE R.J., Navigating Climate Change: Rethinking the Role of Buildings
Sustainability 2020, 12, 9527. Open access Sustainability journal .
CURTIS, Roger, Appropriate retrofit of traditional and listed buildings
Scottish Ecological Design Association (SEDA) 2023 Conference .
DE DECKER, Kris, LOW-TECH MAGAZINE Doubts on progress and technology
Online journal which 'questions the blind belief in technological progress' .
DE DECKER, Kris, NO TECH MAGAZINE
No Tech Magazine has shorter posts, links and updates from Low-Tech Magazine. "We refuse to assume that every problem has a high-tech solution." .
DERBYSHIRE A., Architecture, Science and Feedback
Keynote conference paper prepared for Closing The Loop: Post-Occupancy Evaluation: the Next Steps, Windsor UK, 29 April - 2 May, 2004. Sir Andrew Derbyshire, 1923-2016, was a passionate supporter of the Usable Buildings Trust. This paper has the essence .
Energy Transitions Commission, Making Mission Possible: delivering a net-zero economy
Energy Transitions Commission, September 2020, v1. Energy Transitions Commission website .
FISK D, Sustainable Development and Building Design
Buildings in the Age of Paradox, IoAAS, National Power, 1995 pps 15-20 .
FOO, Grace, Design for Performance: Lessons from the Nabers Independent Design Review (IDR) UK
CIBSE Technical Symposium, UK April 2022 .
GETHING, Bill and BORDASS, Bill, Rapid Assessment Checklist for Sustainable Buildings
Building Research & Information, 34:4, 416-426 Building Research & Information .
GOULDEN M. and SPENCE A., Caught in the middle: The role of the Facilities Manager in organisational energy use
Energy Policy, pp 280-288, Oct 2015. Creative Commons open source article .
GRANT N., Eco-minimalism Revisited
Usable Buildings www.usablebuildings.co.uk, March 2008 . Shorter version in Architects' Journal, March 13, 2008 .
GRIFFITHS, Nigel, From Retrofit to Regeneration: a blueprint for post-Covid recovery
STBA, Responsible Retrofit Series November, 2021 STBA .
HALLIDAY S., FOSTER S. and HUTCHINSON K., Resource Efficient Housing for 2020
Gaia Group Ltd for Zero Waste Scotland, October, 2020 .
HATLESKOG E. and SAMUEL F., Mapping Eco-Social Assets: Promoting Eco-Social Value at Orts Road and Newtown, Reading
University of Reading, 40 pp, 2020 . See also Mapping as a strategic tool for evidencing social values and supporting joined-up decision making in Reading, England Taylor Francis Online, paywall. .
HEALEY, K. and BEESON B, Reconciling automated and user control of mixed-mode office buildings
Ecolibrium, May 2014, pps 72-80 .
HILLIER W. and LEAMAN A., Architecture as a Discipline
Journal of Architectural Research, 5/1, March, 1976 .
ISAACS, Nigel, Contributions to BUILD magazine.
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KAMARA J., HEIDRICH O., TAFARO V., MALTESE S., DEJACO M. and RE CECCONI F., Change Factors and the Adaptability of Buildings
Sustainability 2020, 12, Creative Commons open source article. .
KING N. and JONES A., An Analysis of the Potential for the Formation of ‘Nodes of Persisting Complexity’
Sustainability 13, 2021. Open source article. As published .
LAMB WF and nine other authors, Discourses Of Climate Delay
Global Sustainability 3, e17, 1–5. As published .
LAROUZEE J. and Le COZE J-C., Good and Bad Reasons: the Swiss cheese model and its critics
Satefy Science, 126 (2020). Open access article. Source | Safety Science .
LEAMAN A., Calling The Tune
Building Services Journal, November, 2000 .
LEAMAN A., Window Design for Natural Ventilation
Notes for BRE seminar, 17 May, 1993. Originally prepared as background for the evaluation of the Lansdown Window System (1992) .
LEAMAN A., What is a Building For?
Building Pathology 91, 18-20 September 1991, Trinity College Oxford .
LEAMAN A., The Productive Workplace: themes and variations
Building Services Journal, November, 2000. .
LEAMAN A., Space Utilisation: intensification and diversification
Building Use Studies, London,1994. .
LEAMAN A., The Logistical City
in WORTHINGTON J, (ed), Reinventing the Workplace, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, pp. 10-22 Second edition 2005 .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Flexibility and Adaptability
Chapter for MacMillan, S (ed), Quality and Value in the Built Environment, Taylor and Francis, 2004. .
LEAMAN A. (ed), Buildings in the Age of Paradox
Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies and National Power, Proceedings of conference 16-17 November 1995 .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Building Design, Complexity and Manageability
Building Use Studies, 1994 .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Buildings in the Age of Paradox
in LEAMAN, A. (ed), Buildings in the Age of Paradox, IoAAS, University of York, 1996, pp. 3-14 .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Design for Manageability: Pointers from a decade of Research into Occupied Buildings
Building Use Studies, 1995, April 25 .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Productivity in Buildings: The killer variables twenty years on
In Chapter 19: Creating the Productive Workplace. Clemence-Croome D. (ed). Routledge, third edition, 2017. .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Strategies For Better Occupant Satisfaction
Fifth Indoor Air Quality Conference, Thursday 10 July 1997, British Library, London. .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Flexibility and Adaptability
chapter 13 of MACMILLAN S. (ed)., Designing Better Buildings, Taylor & Francis 2003. .
LEAMAN A. and BORDASS W., Lessons from Feedback
chapter 10 of Cole R. and Lorch R. (eds), Buildings, Culture and Environment Information: informing local and global practices, Blackwell Publishing, 2002 .
LEAMAN A. and MAY N., UK Moisture in Buildings Survey: Conditions, Actions and Outcomes
UK Centre for Moisture in Buildings, 2019. Appendices Fig 1 Heuristic diagram full version Also available from UKCMB .
LEAMAN A., BORDASS W. and CASSELS S., Flexibility and Adaptability in Buildings: the killer variables
London: Usable Buildings, 1998, 18pp. Unfinished draft. .
LEAMAN A., BORDASS W. and RUYSSEVELT P., Probe Final Report 4: Strategic Conclusions: Get Real About Building Performance
Final Report to DETR .
LEAMAN A., STEVENSON F and BORDASS, W., Building Evaluation: Practice and Principles
Building Research & Information , Volume 38, 2010 - Issue 5, pp 564-577. August 2010 .
LEAMAN, A., The Importance of Response Time
Building Services Journal, 20 January 1993 .
LEAMAN, Adrian, A Strategic Perspective Suggests Leverage Points
Interactive slide, IMDB, Cambridge (Dec 2022), Allies and Morrison (Nov 2023) .
LEESON, Adala, Heritage and the Circular Economy
Association for Studies in the Conservation of Historic Buildings (ASCHB) Conference, 1 April 2022, Lessons from built heritage in the climate emergency. .
London Energy Transformation Initiative (LETI), LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide: How new buildings can meet UK climate change targets
https://www.benuk.net/LETI.html .
LÜLEY, Marek, Ephemeral occupancies: Non-linear approach to adaptable architecture
© 2023 Author. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Published by the Faculty of Architecture and Design, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia .
LÜTZKENDORF T. (ed), Carbon Metrics: Assessing & Controlling GHG Emissions Across Scales
Buildings and Cities journal, Special Issue, September 24, 2020. Link goes to Buildings and Cities website. Creative commons open access. .
MAY N., The Future of the Past
STBA (Sustainable Traditional Buildings Alliance), 2017 .
MAY N. and SANDERS C, Moisture in buildings: an integrated approach to risk assessment and guidance
British Standards Institute (BSI), London , 2018 .
MAY N., and RYE C., Responsible Retrofit of Traditional Buildings
Sustainable Traditional Buildings Alliance (SBTA), 2012. .
MEADOWS D., Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System
The Donella Meadows Project, Academy For Systems Change Pdf (Reader format) .
NUTT B., The Strategic Design Of Buildings
Long Range Planning, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 130 to 140, 1988 . Please contact us .
OLIVIER D., Building In Ignorance. Demolishing complacency: improving the energy performance of 21st century homes.
Association for the Conservation of Energy, October 2001 .
PASQUALE, Lisa, PAS2035 Conflicts with Traditional and Heritage Buildings: Five Critical Conflicts and Dilemmas
Sustaining Buildings conference, STBA & SPAB, Wednesday 12th October, 2022 .
PENDER R. and LEMIEUX DJ., The Road Not Taken: Building Physics, and Returning to First Principles in Sustainable Design
Atmosphere 2020, 11, 62 Creative Commons open source article. Atmosphere .
PENDER, Robyn, How Energy Availability Influenced Building Form
Online presentation to Traditional Architecture Group, 30 June 2022. Full slide set 40Mb download.. Compressed 15Mb download. Please contact Robyn Pender for slide citation permissions. .
PENDER, Robyn, Building Lessons From The Vernacular Past
Buildings and Cities journal, 1 November 2023. .
RABENECK A., A Sketch-Plan for Construction of Built Environment Theory
Building Research and Information, 2008, 36(3), 269 279. This innovative paper proposes a sketch-plan for applied research based on the headings "Desired Performance", "Regulated Performance" and "Delivered Performance". [This link takes you to the Taylor & Frances website] .
SAGAN, Carl, Sagan on Global Warming and Climate Investment, 1990
@wisdomthruklnowledge .
SAYRE N.F., Climate Change, Scale, and Devaluation: The Challenge of Our Built Environment
Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate and the Environment, vol 1, 1 (2010), pp 84-94. Open access under Creative Commons licence Journal of Energy, Climate and the Environment .
SAYRE N.F., The Genesis, History, and Limits of Carrying Capacity
Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 98:1, 120 - 134. Link goes to Taylor & Francis website. .
SHORT CA, COOK M and LOMAS KJ,, Delivery and performance of a low-energy ventilation and cooling strategy
Building Research & Information, Volume 37, Issue 1 January 2009 , pages 1 - 3. .
SIDDALL, Mark, Lessons from Larch Corner: lessons learned from building a single-storey Passivhaus
AECB webinar, Webinar June 21, 2021 Association for Environment (sic) Conscious Building (AECB) .
SIMPSON K., JANDA K. and OWEN A., Preparing ‘middle actors’ to deliver zero-carbon building transitions
Buildings and Cities, 1(1), 610–624. Open access 21 Sep 2020 Source .
SKLAIR L., Sleepwalking Through The Anthropocene
British Journal of Sociology, Volume 68, Issue 4 .
SLAUGHTER, R.A., Mapping the Future: Creating a Structural Overview of the Next 20 Years
Journal of Futures Studies 1, 1, 1996, 5-27. For similar interpretative framework see The Logistical City .
SLEE B., Simple strategies for improving the thermal performance of the NSW demountable classroom in four climates
in Fifty years later: Revisiting the role of architectural science in design and practice: 50th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association 2016, pp. 607-616 .
STEVENSON F., and BORDASS W., Even Bad News Can Be Beneficial
D&A, Autumn 2011, Issue 16, pps 109-115. .
STEVENSON F., and LEAMAN A., Evaluating Housing Performance in relation to human behaviour: new challenges
Editorial for special issue of Building Research and Information, 2010, 38(5), pps 437-441. .
THOMAS P.C. and RAO G.S., Surpassing expectations: an integrated approach to design, delivery, commissioning and post occupancy evaluation
Ecolibrium, Dec 2009, 26-35 .
THOMSEN J., LAPPEGARD HAUGE Å.L., MOURN A. and BERKER T., Successful Zero Emission Pilot Buildings - From Building Process to End-User Evaluation
The Centre on Zero Emission Building - ZEB, Preprint, 2020 .
TRICKETT T., Flexibility in Building Design
Buildings in the Age of Paradox, IoAAS, National Power, 1995, pps 21-30 .
TROWSDALE S., GABE J. and VALE R. , Water Balance of A Green Building
SB07, paper 4671, 9pp. Landcare Research , Private Bag 92 170, Auckland, NZ. .
TWINN C., The Realistic Route to Zero Carbon
CIBSE Journal, 20 Jun 2020. CIBSE Journal .
USABLE BUILDINGS TRUST, Soft Landings: Getting Started
Usable Buildings Trust, 2009 .
WATT R., The Fantasy of Carbon Offsetting
Environmental Politics, 3 February 2021. Online .
WAY M., BORDASS W., LEAMAN A. and BUNN R.,, The Soft Landings Framework: for better briefing, design, handover and building performance in-use
Usable Buildings Trust, 2014 edition, authorised version by original authors. .
WHITTEM V. amd ROETZEL A., Learning From Built Projects: sources of post occupancy feedback used by architects in Victoria, Australia
Intelligent Buildings International , 1-16, 2019 .
WILSON, J., The Intervening State: embracing complexity means greater accountability
Royal Society of Arts (RSA Journal), 3. 2021 . Also RSA Comment 14 September 2021 .
WISE, F., MANCASTER, A., & JONES, D., Rethinking retrofit of residential heritage buildings.
Buildings and Cities, 2(1), 2021, pp. 495–517. Buildings and Cities .
WISE, Freya, Reducing Carbon while Retaining Heritage: retrofitting approaches for vernacular buildings and their residents
PhD thesis The Open University. 2022. 38MB pdf .
WOOLLEY, Tom, Retrofit: why the use of low embodied energy, low carbon breathable materials is crucial
Sustainable Traditional Buildings Alliance (STBA) / The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) 2020 Online Conference, 6th October 2020 . STBA | The SPAB | Rachel Bevan Archiects .
ZHOU, Q. and MUKHOPADHYAYA P., Design Versus Actual Energy Performance in Social Housing Buildings
BC Housing Research Centre, University of Victoria, 2020. BC Housing .